Abstract The embrittlement and softening behaviors in heat affected zone of X90 pipeline steel were studied, and the influence of weld thermal cycle on microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed by combining the effect of peak temperature on the phase transition point (Ar3). Results show that there are embrittlement and softening zones existed in heat affected zone of X90 pipeline steel. The peak temperature greatly affected the austenitizing and its grain size, thereby affected phase transition during cooling process. The embrittlement in critical heat affected zone at 750 °C was caused by brittle bainite and M /A islands formed during cooling, because little austenite was formed during heating. While, the embrittlement in coarse grain heat affected zone was caused by austenite grain coarsen, which transformed to the coarse bainite after cooling. The softening zone attributed to the polygonal ferrite and granular ferrite after cooling, which came from fine and ununiformed austenite formed during reheating process. Ar3 decreased with the increase of Cu, Cr or Mo content in steel, and the BF content in CGHAZ and GB and AF content in FGHAZ increased.

An analytical model is developed to examine a low impulsive projectile impact on a fully clamped sandwich beams by considering the coupled responses of the core and the face sheets. Firstly, based on the dynamic properties of foam cores, the sandwich beam is modeled as two rigid perfectly-plastic beams connected by rigid perfectly-plastic springs. Different from the previous sandwich beam model, the transverse compression and bending effects of the foam core are considered in the whole deformation process. Based on this model, different coupling mechanism of sandwich beams are constructed so that an analytical solution considering small deformation is derived. The coupled dynamic responses of sandwich beams with different core strengths are investigated. The results indicate that this model improves the prediction accuracy of the responses of the sandwich beams, and is available for the situation when the sandwich beam undergoes moderate global deformation.